Working in extreme heat can double the risk of stillbirth and miscarriage for pregnant women, according to new research from India. The study, conducted by the Faculty of Public Health at the Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research in Chennai, involved 800 pregnant women in the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu. About half of the participants worked in jobs with high levels of heat exposure, such as agriculture and brick kilns. The study also found that hotter summers can affect pregnant women in countries beyond tropical climates, including the UK.
Previous studies have shown an increase in the risk of premature birth and stillbirth during heatwaves, particularly in high-income countries. However, the new findings from India are concerning due to the significant risks faced by women working in hot conditions. The study highlights the need for specific health advice and measures to protect pregnant women who work in extreme heat globally.
The impact of heat on pregnant women and their babies is still not fully understood. One theory suggests that when the mother’s body overheats, blood may be redirected away from the fetus to cool the mother down, potentially affecting the baby’s development. Lack of access to toilets in work environments is also believed to play a role, as pregnant women may avoid drinking water to prevent the need to use inadequate sanitation facilities.
India, where the study was conducted, is projected to experience rising temperatures that surpass safe limits for human health, even in shaded areas. The number of hot days and nights in the country is also expected to increase significantly. The findings of the study underscore the urgent need to address the health risks faced by pregnant women working in hot conditions, improve workplace conditions, and provide appropriate support and guidance.
India has made progress in improving maternal and infant health in recent years. However, the stillbirth rate in the country remains relatively high compared to countries like the UK. Efforts are underway to address these issues, including offering financial compensation to pregnant women and exploring alternative employment options. Workplace owners and employers also play a crucial role in ensuring the safety and well-being of their employees by providing protective measures such as shaded areas and improved sanitation facilities.
While experiencing stillbirth or miscarriage remains a rare event for most women, the risks highlighted by this study emphasize the importance of implementing appropriate measures to protect pregnant women from extreme heat in the workplace. The researchers hope that their findings will contribute to the development of international guidelines and policies that support the health and well-being of pregnant women worldwide.
