The United Nations mission in Mali, known as MINUSMA, officially ended its 10-year deployment in the country. Mali’s ruling junta ordered the pull-out in June 2020, despite ongoing security crises and the presence of armed factions. The withdrawal raised concerns of intensified fighting for territorial control. MINUSMA had maintained around 15,000 soldiers and police in Mali, with over 180 members killed in hostile acts. The mission has completed its withdrawal from 13 positions, while some elements still remain. After January 1, a liquidation phase will begin, involving the handover of remaining equipment to the authorities.