Parents in India are devastated as five children with thalassemia in Madhya Pradesh tested HIV positive following blood transfusions. The children, aged three to 15, belong to Satna district. Authorities detected the HIV infections during routine tests done between January and May 2025. A special committee has been formed to examine how this happened. These children received transfusions from multiple donors at both government and private hospitals. Officials said one child’s parents are also HIV positive, but in others, the parents tested negative, ruling out mother-to-child transmission. Satna’s chief medical officer, Manoj Shukla, stated, "Once detected, treatment was started immediately and is continuing. At present, the children are stable." Each blood unit passes government testing protocols. However, early HIV infections in donors can sometimes be missed. This incident follows a similar case in Jharkhand, where five thalassemia children contracted HIV from transfusions in a state hospital. In that case, officials suspended responsible staff and the chief minister announced financial aid of ₹200,000 for affected families. Thalassemia needs frequent blood transfusions, making patients vulnerable. In India, over 2.5 million people have HIV, with around 66,400 new cases yearly. Families of infected children face not just health struggles but also social stigma. One father said, "My daughter was already suffering from thalassemia. Now she has got HIV, all thanks to the pathetic medical facilities of Madhya Pradesh." Another shared how their child struggles with HIV medication side-effects. HIV stigma led a family in Jharkhand to abandon their rented home. They returned to their village, fearing discrimination and lack of education for their child. Activists now push for the National Blood Transfusion Bill 2025 to improve blood safety standards across India. The law aims to protect vulnerable patients dependent on safe transfusions. As investigations continue, many worry about the risks still hidden in the health system’s shadows.