Scientists studied swamp soil from Kaziranga National Park to understand its vegetation over 3,000 years. The research shows how the park developed into the main habitat of the Indian one-horned rhinoceros. The study, published in the journal Catena, involved experts from India, the UK, and the USA. They took a 110 cm soil sample from Kaziranga's Sohola swamp and analyzed pollen and fungal spores. These spores linked to animal dung helped track herbivore presence. From 3,290 to 1,700 years ago, Kaziranga had thick tropical forests with trees like Bombax and Cinnamomum. There were fewer grasslands and fewer grazing animals, says Dr. Sadhan K. Basumatary. Between 1,700 and 640 years ago, forests thinned and grasslands grew. This change suggested drier conditions. More spores indicated rising populations of big plant-eating animals. The invasive plant Mimosa appeared then, signaling ecological stress. Dr. Rajib Gogoi warns that Mimosa's spread needs careful control. Since 640 years ago, Kaziranga became mostly grasslands with fewer dense forests. The Little Ice Age's cooler climate affected the habitat. Dr. Swati Tripathi notes a sharp rise in spores from large herbivores like rhinos, elephants, and deer during this time. The soil showed no signs of farming, suggesting rhinos moved to Kaziranga from western and northern India due to climate shifts and human activities. This matches fossil and historical data. Today, Kaziranga hosts over 70% of the world's 3,700 greater one-horned rhinoceros, making it the species' most vital home. This study helps us understand how climate and nature shaped Kaziranga to protect this unique animal.