Ugandans are preparing to vote in a tense election expected to extend President Yoweri Museveni’s nearly 40-year rule. The campaign has been marked by violence. Security forces frequently attacked supporters of Museveni’s main opponent, Bobi Wine, using teargas, gunfire, and arrests. Civil rights groups have been suspended, and internet and mobile services were shut down nationwide on Tuesday. Fears of unrest rise, recalling deadly violence after Tanzania’s recent elections. Observers say the ruling National Resistance Movement (NRM) faces its biggest challenge yet, risking deeper divisions in Uganda. Museveni seeks his seventh term. Many Ugandans, especially young people, want change and connect with Wine, a 43-year-old singer turned politician. Museveni took power in 1986 and brought economic growth. But critics accuse him of corruption, repression, and changing the constitution to stay in power. Political historian Mwambutsya Ndebesa said, “[Wine’s] challenge has brought to the surface the character of the regime in terms of tolerating political alternatives or dissent.” He warned that rising political polarisation threatens Uganda’s stability. In recent weeks, police and the army broke up Wine’s rallies violently. At least one person died and hundreds were arrested. Rights activists like Sarah Bireete have been detained. Several rights groups were ordered to stop work after they reported election violations. A UN report accused Uganda of using new laws since 2021 to restrict freedoms and silence opponents. The government defends the security crackdowns, blaming “lawless conduct” by opposition supporters. Museveni called them “criminal opposition” and urged more use of teargas. Rights lawyer Eron Kiiza said these actions aim to “frustrate and annoy” opposition events. He was tortured and detained last year representing jailed opposition leader Kizza Besigye. Museveni, 81, credits his party with peace and development. He promises jobs and economic growth from agriculture and oil. Supporters praise his introduction of free education and stability after civil strife. Museveni faces seven opponents, with Wine of the National Unity Platform as the main rival. In 2021, Museveni won 58.38% of votes; Wine got 35.08%. Wine promises “a complete reset” focused on rights and ending corruption. Supporters say Uganda needs change and prioritize social services. Ndebesa says Museveni’s control of the state gives him an advantage, so his victory is likely. But observers watch closely, curious about Museveni’s succession plans, rumored to favor his son, Gen Muhoozi Kainerugaba, whom Museveni denies grooming. Over 21.6 million Ugandans are registered to vote, setting the stage for a pivotal political moment.