The new High Seas Treaty came into effect on January 17. It aims to protect unique marine biodiversity and ecosystems in areas outside any country's control. However, its launch may affect ongoing disputes in the South China Sea. This region is known for competing territorial claims by several countries. The conservation framework could become a new tool in these conflicts. Laura Zhou notes this treaty might be used to support national ambitions over these contested waters. The South China Sea remains a hotspot for tensions among regional powers. While the treaty focuses on environmental protection, its real impact could stretch far into the political arena.