Hamas is taking back control of Gaza despite suffering heavy losses in its war with Israel. Since last October’s US-imposed ceasefire, Hamas’s military units have weakened, and many leaders were killed. Gaza’s buildings and economy are badly damaged. The Hamas-run health ministry says over 72,000 Gazans died in the conflict. Activist Mohammed Diab says, "Hamas regained control of more than 90% of the areas where it is present." Hamas police patrol streets, control crime, and hunt those they call collaborators or critics. Citizens get identity cards and health help only through Hamas. Market sellers report regular Hamas tax collections. One stallholder said, "Every single day they come to us aggressively, with the same demands... They’re asking for 700 shekels ($225); none of us can afford that." Traders bringing goods from Israel face heavy taxes. A trader said, "If a trader refuses to pay, force is used and in some cases he is kidnapped or threatened. No one can avoid paying taxes." Hamas collects cash payments to avoid tracing. A Hamas spokesman said, "Some traders maintain links with the [Israeli] occupation and attempt to generate excessive profits, so administrative bodies sometimes need to act firmly." Israel’s army warns Hamas is rebuilding weapons despite the ceasefire. Lt Col Nadav Shoshani said, "This war is not done until Hamas is disarmed." The next phase of Donald Trump’s peace plan requires Hamas to give up weapons. But Hamas’s spokesman Hazem Qassem said, "I believe we are capable of addressing the issue of weapons in a way that removes the Occupation's pretext to renew the war and is also compatible with President Trump’s plan." Hamas has wielded harsh power at home, fighting rival groups and enforcing control. Some members want to keep personal weapons. There is no full disarmament yet, and doubts remain on how to verify it. Hamas said it is ready to transfer power to a new technocratic council, but activists see little sign of this. "On the contrary," said Diab, "Hamas recently filled many government jobs." The US-backed peace plan advances with cautious hope but faces many challenges. After years fighting Israel for land control, Hamas is now focused on keeping its hold over Gaza’s people.