NASA's Curiosity rover has made a stunning discovery on Mars. On the lower slopes of Mount Sharp inside Gale Crater, it found the largest organic molecules ever detected on the Red Planet. The molecules — decane, undecane, and dodecane — are mid-sized hydrocarbons resembling fatty acid fragments. These were preserved in mudstone that is around 3.7 billion years old. Scientists say these molecules can form naturally or through life. This finding has sparked new hopes that Mars could have supported microbial life in the past. NASA published the results in March 2025, stating that prebiotic chemistry on Mars has advanced further than previously known. The Curiosity rover's instruments detected these organics in mudstone samples. The molecules closely resemble fatty acids, which are vital building blocks for cells on Earth. However, Mars' harsh cosmic radiation usually destroys such molecules over billions of years. Researchers used lab tests and modelling to rewind 80 million years of surface exposure. This data supports a possible biological origin for these molecules. Lead scientists emphasize the need for more experiments simulating Martian conditions to confirm this. Curiosity has been exploring Mars since its launch in 2012. It has studied ancient lakebeds, rocky outcrops, and now sulfate-rich layers in Mount Sharp. The mountain’s layers stack up like a giant cake, revealing Mars' deep history. Gale Crater has been a treasure trove for astrobiologists. It previously revealed methane plumes and complex organics. These new molecules add another piece to Mars' mystery. While not yet proof of life, the discovery heightens interest for upcoming sample-return missions. NASA’s Perseverance rover may provide more clues to refine this exciting story.