Thousands of Western nationals are serving in the Israeli military during its war in Gaza, which has killed more than 72,000 Palestinians since October 2023. Data from the Israeli NGO Hatzlacha reveals that over 50,000 soldiers hold dual citizenship. The largest group includes 12,135 US passport holders, followed by 6,127 French and over 5,000 Russians. Other dual nationals include Ukrainians, Germans, British, South Africans, Brazilians, and Canadians. Nearly 8% of Israel's active and reserve military force have multiple citizenships. The war has led to calls from rights groups worldwide to hold foreign soldiers accountable for alleged war crimes. Legal expert Professor Ilias Bantekas said, "Dual nationality is immaterial to criminal liability." He noted that prosecuting such soldiers is difficult due to legal and practical hurdles but stressed that war crimes incur liability regardless of nationality. Efforts are underway in several countries to pursue legal action. In the UK, reports have been filed against British-Israelis for alleged war crimes. Germany and Belgium are investigating soldiers serving in units accused of attacks on Gaza civilians. The Hind Rajab Foundation is compiling detailed evidence by tracking Israeli soldiers on social media platforms. The foundation revealed it has evidence against over 1,000 soldiers with dual citizenship and plans to file more legal complaints globally. International law experts emphasize that crimes like genocide and war crimes must be prosecuted, and immunity does not apply over time. The International Court of Justice ordered Israel to prevent genocide and allow humanitarian aid, but restrictions continue. The situation highlights the complex legal and moral questions facing foreign nationals serving in the Israeli military during this ongoing conflict.