Brazil's government has imposed anti-dumping duties on Chinese steel imports. The charges go as high as US$670 per tonne. This follows an investigation launched in April 2024 after Usiminas, a top Brazilian steelmaker, complained that Chinese exporters were undercutting prices unfairly. Authorities studied export prices, cost data, and market share. They found strong evidence of dumping and injury to Brazil's steel firms. The probe started officially in August 2024. Chinese producers and the government were asked to submit detailed information. Officials focused on the largest exporters. Those who cooperated received individual duty rates based on their data. Non-cooperative companies got much higher tariffs, some near US$670 per tonne for cold-rolled steel. Duties on cold-rolled steel range from about US$320 to high US$600s per tonne, varying by exporter. Another ruling applies to coated flat steel such as galvanised and aluminium-coated sheets used in roofing and appliances. Here, duties run from under US$285 to nearly US$645 per tonne. Non-cooperative exporters face the highest rates. Import volumes surged 40.6% during the review period while local sales fell 29.3%. This helped prove injury to Brazil’s steel industry. The probe also covered hypodermic needles. Duties vary widely with the lowest about US$0.23 per thousand units and the highest up to US$25 per thousand units for those not cooperating. The government confirmed these measures stem from technical findings and will take effect immediately after announcement.