In Tamil Nadu, many victims of caste-based crimes are still waiting for justice due to long delays in trials and poor enforcement of the SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act. In 2017, activist M. Muthalagu, who protested against a nearby Tasmac shop and supported inter-caste marriages, was hacked to death. Years later, the accused remain free as the trial is yet to start, his widow told The Hindu. Another case in 2023 involved P. Paraman, a construction worker attacked after a casteist slur. Despite an FIR and counter-FIR, and the death of two witnesses, his trial has not begun. Families affected by such crimes often face threats and pressure to withdraw complaints. A woman from Theni district, sexually assaulted by a caste Hindu man, reported police pressure to settle the case for money. Activists say mandated reliefs like pensions and rehabilitation packages are delayed or ignored. The National Crime Records Bureau shows rising crimes against SC/ST communities but low conviction rates. Experts highlight that though laws are strong, authorities lack awareness and fail implementation. Cases often meet with “peace meetings” instead of FIRs, putting victims at risk. Advocates call for better monitoring, special training for officials, and strict punishment for neglect. They also demand filling vacancies for special public prosecutors and judges to speed up trials. Social reform efforts, such as school manuals on equality, are encouraged to change caste mindsets in society. The problem roots deep, but activists urge swift state action to protect victims and enforce laws properly.