Panama’s Ocean Upwelling Fails in 2025, Threatening Marine Life
January 9, 2026
Something unusual happened off Panama’s coast in 2025. The ocean did not cool as expected. The usual process of upwelling, which brings cold, nutrient-rich water to the surface, stopped. This process is crucial for marine life here. It has never fully failed before.
Normally, between January and April, winds push warm surface water away from the shore. This allows colder water from below to rise, bringing oxygen and nutrients. Phytoplankton grow, fish thrive, and coral reefs get relief from heat. This pattern has been steady, even during El Niño and La Niña.
A recent study in PNAS showed satellite images and ocean data confirming the failure. The water stayed warm, and plankton did not bloom. Oxygen-rich deep layers remained trapped below the surface. The cause was fewer wind bursts, not weaker winds. These wind jets usually come in short pulses, but in 2025, they appeared much less often. Scientists linked this drop to a shift in an atmospheric boundary near the equator tied to La Niña, but such conditions had not caused a full stop before.
The consequences were immediate. Phytoplankton numbers dropped, starving small fish. Fishers reported smaller catches of species that thrive during upwelling. Coral reefs suffered more heat stress without the usual cooling, causing bleaching earlier and more widely. Oxygen in deeper water also dropped, threatening sea creatures.
Scientists note this event shows how sensitive ocean systems are to climate changes. Panama’s upwelling zone is small but crucial for global fisheries and ecosystems. If this steady process can pause, other important zones might also be at risk. The message is clear: Sometimes, the warning from nature comes not in storms or crashes but in a vital season that simply doesn’t arrive.
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Tags:
Panama
Ocean Upwelling
Climate change
Marine Life
Phytoplankton
La Nina
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